情境感知对冲基金崩盘与城堡证券的救援交易
战略概览
- 01.由前OpenAI研究员利奥波德·阿申布伦纳(Leopold Aschenbrenner)创立的AI主题对冲基金Situational Awareness LP,其管理资产规模从峰值时的约450亿美元骤降至2026年7月损失67%价值后的约100亿美元。
- 02.肯·格里芬(Ken Griffin)旗下的城堡证券(Citadel)于7月30日以折价收购了该基金约160亿美元的公开股票投资组合,击败了竞争对手千禧年(Millennium)和简街资本(Jane Street)。
- 03.该基金保留了其价值约50亿美元的私人持股Anthropic股份,此前已退出与由Greenoaks和红杉资本(Sequoia)牵头的财团出售35亿美元股份的独立协议。
- 04.该基金的崩盘源于其策略中约3至4倍的杠杆,该策略做多AI基础设施股票、做空企业软件股票;当这两类头寸在7月同时反向波动时,损失被放大。
深度分析
城堡证券的救援剧本:格里芬最新的困境基金拯救行动
肯·格里芬与城堡证券联席首席投资官巴勃罗·萨拉梅(Pablo Salame)、首席运营官杰拉尔德·比森(Gerald Beeson)、佩里·维斯(Perry Vais)以及首席法务官肖恩·法根(Shawn Fagan)通宵达旦地评估并最终收购了情境感知约160亿美元的公开股票投资组合,击败了竞争对手千禧年和简街资本[1][3]。城堡证券在市场开盘前以超过10%的折价购入该投资组合——重要的是,它购买的是股票组合,而非基金本身或阿申布伦纳本人。一些市场评论认为,这种场外大宗交易结构本身即是一种流动性套利:由于该基金已过度杠杆化,若将160亿美元的投资组合直接抛售至公开市场,可能引发进一步恐慌和价格下跌,因此场外出售使城堡证券得以获取折价,同时控制了市场冲击。此举延续了格里芬一贯的模式,他此前曾多次介入困境对手:在2001年安然破产后招募其能源交易员,2007年吸收Sowood Capital的部分投资组合,以及在2021年游戏驿站(GameStop)空头挤压事件后与Point72一同向梅尔文资本(Melvin Capital)注资[1]。
错失又保留的Anthropic持股
判断正确,规模错误:关于真正原因的争论
市场对该崩盘事件的解读分歧严重。前对冲基金经理马丁·什克雷利(Martin Shkreli)认为,基金的杠杆化操作注定导致崩盘,称‘他注定要爆仓,没有其他结局’[3],而CNN则将此事件视为对冲基金行业系统性风险的证据,即杠杆化且拥挤的AI交易可能引发连锁反应[7]。阿申布伦纳本人将追加保证金的螺旋式下跌比作银行挤兑——‘脆弱性引发更多脆弱性’——并直接向投资者承认:‘我们辜负了你们’[1][8]。然而,据报道,即使在7月损失67%之后,该基金当年迄今回报率仍上涨约80%,因为其做多基础设施、做空软件的核心策略在方向上基本正确;失败在于杠杆和风险规模控制,而非交易本身[8]。这种矛盾也在网络讨论中浮现:一个广受点赞但未经证实的社区理论推测,城堡证券可能制造或利用了加息恐慌,从而在低价购入困境资产前施压该基金;而其他评论者反驳称,该策略方向依然正确——基金当年迄今仍上涨约80%——真正的失败在于杠杆和风险规模控制,而非市场操纵。
历史背景
关键关系图
事实来源
[1] With Situational Awareness AI deal, Citadel's Griffin rides to the rescue again
[2] Leopold Aschenbrenner's Situational Awareness fund forced into fire sale
[3] Leopold Just Stopped Taking Calls: Inside The Week That Gutted Wall Street's Hottest AI Fund
[4] Former OpenAI Researcher's Hedge Fund Lost 67 Percent in July
[5] Aschenbrenner Tried to Sell Private Stakes Before Citadel Deal
[6] AI hedge fund Situational Awareness may have sold its public portfolio, but it still has its Anthropic shares
[7] Situational Awareness, Citadel and the AI Trade
[8] Leopold Aschenbrenner's Wedding Collided With His Hedge Fund's Near-Collapse
来源文章
How Leopold Aschenbrenner built a $45 billion AI hedge fund — and lost most of it in days
Citadel acquired a large portion of Situational Awareness's $16 billion public equity portfolio after the firm suffered heavy losses during an AI sector sell-off.
Leopold Aschenbrenner's hedge fund, Situational Awareness LP, lost 67% of its value in July 2026 after a market rotation against its leveraged AI infrastructure longs and software shorts.
Sudden US AI fund sell-off serves as wake-up call for Chinese tech traders
Leopold Aschenbrenner founded Situational Awareness LP, achieved massive returns by betting on AI infrastructure, and liquidated his public equity positions amid market downturn and leverage pressure.
THE SIGNAL.
“认为该基金杠杆化且集中的策略注定导致其崩盘。”
“将追加保证金的螺旋式下跌比作银行挤兑,并直接向有限合伙人承认基金的失败。”
“认为该事件暴露了对冲基金行业杠杆化、拥挤的AI交易所带来的系统性风险,而不仅是一个基金的失误。”
“Citadel has bought most of the roughly $16 billion public-stock portfolio of Leopold Aschenbrenner's AI hedge fund, Situational Awareness, after its leveraged tech bets suffered heavy losses. Citadel did not buy Aschenbrenner or the entire fund. Situational Awareness is keeping...”
“Leopold Aschenbrenner before he blew up a $45 billion fund: "everyone's like gambling with Bitcoin and Robinhood - I think people are very bad at dealing with addictions" in the same conversation, on AI: "emergent AI is underrated by society at large, but probably overrated by..."”
“A Lot of people are wondering why Citadel would buy Situational Awareness portfolio... Easy answer... Liquidity Arbitrage. Situational Awareness was overleveraged and selling into the open market would have been even more catastrophic and the panic would have caused even more...”
“Citadel Buys Situational Awareness's Stock Portfolio After Big Losses in AI”

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