
新墨西哥州律师因ChatGPT伪造法律简报被处罚
战略概览
- 01.2026年9月9日,新墨西哥州最高法院裁定圣达菲辩护律师斯蒂芬·亚伦斯(Stephen Aarons)藐视法庭,并对其处以5,000美元罚款,原因是他提交的谋杀案上诉简报中包含由ChatGPT伪造的证人信息。
- 02.ChatGPT虚构了四名证人,其中包括两名所谓的警官——米歇尔·阿马里洛警官(Officer Michelle Amarillo)和桑切斯警官(Officer Sanchez),以及两名平民证人马纳尔·阿尔吉布里(Manal Al-Jibury)和特蕾莎·马奎兹(Teresa Marquez),并对这些虚构人物及真实证人编造了虚假陈述。
- 03.法院驳回了亚伦斯此前提交的所有简报,指派公设辩护人金·查韦斯·库克(Kim Chavez Cook)担任新代理律师,禁止亚伦斯在纪律委员会调查期间出庭新墨西哥州最高法院,并责令其在30天内向新墨西哥州律师协会客户保护基金支付5,000美元罚款。
- 04.亚伦斯表示,他将庭审笔录输入ChatGPT(使用OpenAI的o3模型),期望获得一份‘无懈可击的摘要’,但在提交前未核实AI生成的内容;法院认定他缺乏悔意,且未表现出对客户的关切。
深度分析
并非孤立事件,而是日益扩大的趋势
此案令人联想到2023年的Mata诉Avianca案,当时两名律师及其律所因引用六起由ChatGPT虚构的判例而被罚款5,000美元[7],但本案标志着从伪造判例升级为在死刑谋杀案中伪造庭审证词。自那以来,法院对此类行为的回应已日趋严厉——加利福尼亚中区联邦法院的一位特别主事官在发现一份文件混杂了三种不同AI工具产生的错误输出后,驳回了相关简报并裁定赔偿31,100美元费用[5];怀俄明州一名联邦法官因八项伪造引文撤销了一名律师的临时执业资格[5]。行业追踪数据显示,2025年年中约有200起涉及AI幻觉的处罚案件,到2026年1月增至719起,2026年4月初达1,227起,至2026年6月9日已达1,598起[6]。
法院的斥责及亚伦斯所失去的一切
附带损害:谋杀案上诉被迫重头再来
历史背景
关键关系图
事实来源
[1] New Mexico Lawyer Sanctioned Over ChatGPT-Fabricated Witnesses
[2] US lawyer cites fake witnesses in murder case, blames ChatGPT
[3] Court sanctions lawyer over ChatGPT fabricated testimony
[4] New Mexico lawyer held in contempt over ChatGPT-fabricated testimony in murder appeal
[5] AI Hallucinations Strike Again: Two More Cases Where Lawyers Face Judicial Wrath for Fake Citations
[6] AI Legal Hallucination Audit
[7] Mata v. Avianca, Inc.
来源文章
New Mexico Court Fines Lawyer $5,000 Over ChatGPT’s Fake Murder-Case Witnesses
ChatGPT-using lawyer punished for citing fake testimony from made-up witnesses
Lawyer fined $5K over AI-hallucinated witnesses in a murder case
New Mexico Supreme Court fines lawyer $5,000 for ChatGPT-fabricated witnesses
New Mexico lawyer fined for using AI-generated brief containing fabricated testimony
THE SIGNAL.
“质疑亚伦斯声称不了解法律文件中广泛报道的AI幻觉问题,直接问他:“律师先生,你看过新闻吗?你听过广播吗?你读过任何关于世界上正在发生什么事的报道吗?””
“警告称,若未及时发现AI幻觉,可能导致司法命令本身被污染,谈及一次险些发生的案例时表示:“这很可怕。它几乎导致了更可怕的后果(就我而言),即那些虚假材料被纳入其中。””
“重申律师有个人责任核实所引用权威,无论使用何种工具查找:“律师在将案例提交法院作为判例依据之前,有义务阅读这些案例。””
“NEW: The New Mexico Supreme Court held a lawyer in direct contempt after he submitted a ChatGPT-generated brief containing “false testimony from wholly fabricated witnesses,” including invented police testimony and other errors. The state’s highest court referred the lawyer to a...”
“A New Mexico defense lawyer used ChatGPT to summarize trial materials for a murder appeal, and it invented fake witnesses he filed without checking. He was fined $5,000 and removed from the case A judge asking "do you not watch the news?" is a rough way to get sanctioned”
“A justice asked, ‘Counsel, do you watch the news?’ when a lawyer admitted to relying on ChatGPT without understanding the risks.”

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