Independent journalism outlet that conducted the AirTag investigation and broke the story.
Operates the VGT3 scanning facility in Las Vegas; buys books in bulk, destructively scans them, and reportedly uses the text to train its AI models; confirmed purchasing but not the training use.
Precedent case: ran a similar bulk book-destruction/scanning operation ("Project Panama"), later settled a landmark $1.5 billion copyright lawsuit (Bartz v. Anthropic) over pirated books used in training, while a court found destructive scanning of legally purchased books to be fair use.
RA
Rare/used booksellers (e.g., seller on Biblio)
Source of bulk book orders; one bookseller grew suspicious of a 1,000-book order and cooperated with 404 Media by hiding the AirTag; expressed concern that AI firms disregard books' historical and sentimental value.
AU
Authors / Authors Guild
Plaintiffs and advocacy groups pursuing copyright claims against AI companies over book-based training data, resulting in the Anthropic settlement precedent now shaping industry practice.